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I use Traefik as reverse proxy and Authentik as SSO IdP. When I connect to my “exposed” service, Traefik middleware determines if I have the appropriate access credentials established. If so, I get access; if not, I’m bounced over to Authentik, where I enter my username, and authenticate via Passkey (modern passwordless gated by private keys behind biometrics unlock). The middleware can also be bypassed based on my pre established private custom HTTP header, so apps doesn’t support the flow (ie mobile client for some apps) can get in directly as well.
How does this work for you when using an app (E.g. Nextcloud, home assistant, etc) where log in isn't handled by a browser that can redirect, but instead expects username and password credentials entered in-app?
I don’t use the two you’ve called out, so I cannot guarantee my Google results are accurate, but the principle is similar…
If the app supports external authentication (usually, looking for things like OIDC, SAML, or SSO in the documentation), then I’d configure the app to do that and skip the Traefik middleware piece.
This is what I’d do based on what I’m seeing on this article for NextCloud. That is, when all is said and done, I’d go https://nexcloud.myunexistent.deployment/ and be greeted with the next cloud login screen, where the external authentication option is shown on screen.
A similar setup might be achieved with Home Assistant’s commandline authentication provider to delegate authentication out via command line setup. Alternatively, use hass-auth-header plugin along with trusted proxy to delegate authentication out to the reverse proxy.
Hope this points to a relevant direction for you!