this post was submitted on 14 Jan 2024
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Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).
Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.
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X (not formerly twitter) is decades old and is built around deprecated ways of doing things as well as a lot of legacy functions.
Wayland is a relatively new project with the aim of replacing X as a more "modern" display server.
Wayland had some stability issues, but they've since improved.
I'm sure Wayland is good and all, but I can't be arsed replacing X yet. I don't really have any skin in the game, I just don't replace functioning components just because they're old (FYI, bash turns 35 this year). While X does what I need it to do, I'll keep using it. I'll probably move over when my distro does.
I'll leave the technical explanation to someone else.
That's right. To add a few things: X11 isn't bad. It's just a big and complex piece of software that has grown for multiple decades. And nobody wants to do big changes or add new things anymore.
Wayland is the modern and "fresh" new approach. I've had some issues with my NVidia graphics card. But that wasn't Waylands fault, but the NVidia drivers. I have a laptop with just Intel graphics and both X11 and Wayland run excellently on that machine.
With Linux we often get many choices, and have several alternatives available to do the same / a similar job. That is a bit complicated for someone new. But we should embrace it, be glad that we can pick whatever suits our individual needs. Wayland still has some issues on a few specific setups, but eventually it will replace X11 as the default.
I remember messing around with font servers 25 years ago in XFree86. Are font servers still a thing with X11?
The X font server has been deprecated like 10 years ago. I doubt you'll find it as an option in a modern distribution. Nowadays fonts are rendered by the client (application) with something like the Cairo library (if I'm not mistaken).