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I've used Docker a fair bit over the years because it's a simple line of code I can copy/paste to get a simple web server running.
I ran Home Assistant Supervised in Docker for many years. It was a few lines of code and then I basically had Home Assistant OS running on my Pi without it taking over the whole Pi, meaning I could run other things on it too.
That ended when HA just died one day and I had no clue how to get it running again. I spent a day trying, then just installed HA OS on the Pi instead.
Anyway I now have a Dell Optiplex and Proxmox and I've gone back to Docker. Why? Well I discovered that I could make a Linux VM and install Docker on it, then add the Docker code to install a Portainer client to it, then make that into a template.
Meaning I can clone that template and type the IP address into Portainer and now I have full access to that Docker instance from my original Portainer container. That means I can bang a Docker Compose file into the "Stack" and press go, then tinker with the thing I wanna tinker with. If I get it working it can stay, if I don't then I just delete the VM and I've lost nothing.
Portainer has made Docker way more accessible for me. I love a webui
What is Portainer? You've said that it's a web UI, but what exactly does it provide you with?
Well the webui provides me with a list of containers, whether they're running or not, the ports that are opened by the containers. There's Stacks which are basically Docker Compose files in a neat UI. The ability to move these stacks to other instances. There's the network options and ability to make more networks, the files that are associated with the containers.
And not just for the instance I'm in, but for all the instances I've connected.
In my previous experience with Docker these are all things that I need to remember code to find, meaning I most often have to Google the code to find out what I'm after. Here is neatly packaged in a web page.
Oh and the logs, which are really useful when tinkering to try get something up and running
Does portainer, and docker in turn, allow taking/accessing something like point in time snapshots of containers like VM software do? They make it easy to tinker with stuff, knowing that if I mess up, I can go back to a snapshot and be good again.
Not to my knowledge no