this post was submitted on 30 May 2024
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System on a chip. Think like a Qualcomm or Samsung processor, or the new M line from Apple
in other words, the cpu
For most intents and purposes
SoC is from the embedded system development world - as more and more coprocessors were being put into the same chip to consolidate board space and power efficiency, it wasn’t “just” a cpu - it had the CPUs, GPUs, DSPs, and other coprocessors in one
x86 has moved a lot closer to this architecture over the years, but you still generally have a separate chipset controller on the motherboard the CPU interfaces with
Back in the days a CPU was a chest-height cabinet with another chest-height cabinet besides it, containing a magnetic drum or core memory or something, acting as RAM. That stuff moved into the CPU case, then it moved into the CPU package there's really no difference the central processing unit is still the central processing unit no matter how much stuff you include.
This was the first SoC: An ARM3 core, memory controller, IO controller, video accelerator. It's hard to find an x86 nowadays that doesn't have all of that on the package: A system processor to manage everything, multiple application cores, usually at least two memory controllers, decent to absurd amount of PCIe lanes, and a GPU. Chipsets nowadays do little more than manage power, feed the SoC its initial code, and split up some PCIe lanes to provide custom IO because keyboards don't tend to speak PCIe.