this post was submitted on 20 Oct 2024
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Yes that's called routing.
You don't bind it to a NIC, you specify the destinations you want forwarded to each interface. Your VPN connection is just another interface.
If you're looking for good docs, you may want to Google split tunnel vpn, and also bone up on your networking.
A few static routes should get you what you need
Everything you said is true, but I don't think it's the complete answer the OP would like.
For instance if somebody goes to Google, on the raw network, and on the VPN. They would correctly expect that traffic to take two different routes, and come from different IP addresses
You can't "go" to a destination on two networks in a single request. It's all packets on a wire, if it comes from two sources, it was two requests.
Unless you mean two different requests. As in while on the VPN everything is tunneled, and while not on the VPN it's not, but this is the opposite of what the OP was asking for. He wants the VPN on for some use cases, and off for others. That's split tunneling.
He'll likely wind up with difficulties around trying to figure out which destinations he doesn't want routed through the VPN, because there's no way to do it by protocol, since routing happens on layer 3, not 4 or 7. He'll likely need to know those address in advance.
I think the key to this idea is that as long as the VPN only apps are running in docker containers, container networking can be used to restrict their traffic to the vpn.
Apps like qBittorrent support proxy connection options for this scenario without containers.
https://github.com/qbittorrent/qBittorrent/wiki/Explanation-of-Options-in-qBittorrent#proxy-server