this post was submitted on 21 Apr 2024
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Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).

Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.

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Debian or Arch or Ubuntu never ask for my confirmation ?

Example :

You acknowledge that openSUSE Leap 15.3 is subject to the U.S. Export Administration Regulations (the “EAR”) and you agree to comply with the EAR. You will not export or re-export openSUSE Leap 15.3 directly or indirectly, to: (1) any countries that are subject to US export restrictions; (2) any end user who you know or have reason to know will utilize openSUSE Leap 15.3 in the design, development or production of nuclear, chemical or biological weapons, or rocket systems, space launch vehicles, and sounding rockets, or unmanned air vehicle systems, except as authorized by the relevant government agency by regulation or specific license; or (3) any end user who has been prohibited from participating in the US export transactions by any federal agency of the US government. By downloading or using openSUSE Leap 15.3, you are agreeing to the foregoing and you are representing and warranting that You are not located in,under the control of, or a national or resident of any such country or on any such list. In addition, you are responsible for complying with any local laws in Your jurisdiction which may impact Your right to import, export or use openSUSE Leap 15.3. Please consult the Bureau of Industry and Security web page www.bis.doc.gov before exporting items subject to the EAR. It is your responsibility to obtain any necessary export approvals.

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[–] BCsven@lemmy.ca 57 points 7 months ago (3 children)

Its a CYA for SUSE. Certain technologies aren't permitted to be shared outside of USA unless you go through the ETAR and assign if it commerically restricted/unrestricted, etc. If you are in USA you are bound by this anyway, even without a EULA.

They don't know what you may install or transfer, even though it is opensource and you could download in another country.

We get hung up with this at work. We may have a software issue and send to USA parent company for review, they then need to know if the data represents a certain class so they can direct where (country) the software review or fix can be sent for evaluation.

There are obious things like military, but then there are commercial, transit infrastructure, aero, etc.

But it can get stupid, like the parent company received a CAD file I sent in as a demomstration of a display bug. i made a cube 4x4x4. the agent wanted to know what ETAR class it was, I argued it isn't because it is a cube I made as demo only, they would not review till i choose a class from a long list. None applied. But I had to pick one for them to proceed. So somewhere some guy is doing data chain of custody on a cube. lol

In cases where it does fall into restricted commercial interest or other restrictions only a USA citizen can work on the data.

This agreement poses no restrictiona on you that aren't already present if you are in the USA. And you shouldn't need to worry, unless you actively are designing or stealing data to hand over to a USA "enemy" for purposes of espionage , war, weapons etc

[–] kbal@fedia.io 34 points 7 months ago (1 children)

Certain technologies aren't permitted to be shared outside of USA unless you go through the ETAR

I'm guessing you mean ITAR, if anyone's having trouble searching for it.

[–] BCsven@lemmy.ca 16 points 7 months ago

Yeah sorry EAR, and ITAR.

[–] lemmyreader@lemmy.ml 13 points 7 months ago (1 children)

Its a CYA for SUSE. Certain technologies aren’t permitted to be shared outside of USA unless you go through the ETAR and assign if it commerically restricted/unrestricted, etc. If you are in USA you are bound by this anyway, even without a EULA.

Thanks. Yes, I noticed that openSUSE mentions it takes its sources from SLES Enterprise version (and Fedora is connected with RedHat RHLE Enterprise USA) so I guess that's where the corporate lawyers started chiming in :)

[–] BCsven@lemmy.ca 7 points 7 months ago

Yeah, exactly. with OpenSUSE having SUSE binaries I'm sure they legal mumbo jumbo just tranafers for covering all scenarios

[–] z00s@lemmy.world 3 points 7 months ago (2 children)
[–] hackerwacker@lemmy.ml 4 points 7 months ago

Cover Your Ass. i.e. avoiding trouble from the Washington regime

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[–] socphoenix@midwest.social 50 points 7 months ago (3 children)

This has to do with encryption protocols. Offhand my assumption is either they are trying to be extra cautious as the rules are incredibly complex, or they have a different algorithm included by default that would be subject to those rules.

[–] Hobbes_Dent@lemmy.world 40 points 7 months ago* (last edited 7 months ago) (11 children)

It is my limited understanding that encryption beyond a certain level is illegal to export from the US. For example one of the positives of OpenBSD being based in Canada ~~was~~ is the ability to include crypto at a level that that the US wouldn’t permit to export.

From https://www.openbsd.org/crypto.html

Edit: tense

[–] possiblylinux127@lemmy.zip 13 points 7 months ago* (last edited 7 months ago)

It hasn't been illegal for a while now. Encryption is protected under free speech. (The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled in our favor)

[–] Bitrot@lemmy.sdf.org 13 points 7 months ago* (last edited 7 months ago)

Wouldn’t at the time. A lot of the restrictions on encryption algorithms themselves were loosened in the 90s after successful court cases ruling that source code was free speech.

[–] cygnus@lemmy.ca 6 points 7 months ago

OpenBSD being based in Canada

Huh, TIL... That's cool!

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[–] possiblylinux127@lemmy.zip 5 points 7 months ago* (last edited 7 months ago)

Cryptography is protected under the first amendment

A while back the NSA tried to argue it was a weapon and subject to weapons export restrictions but that was shot down in court

[–] ShadowCatEXE@lemmy.world 5 points 7 months ago (1 children)

Out of curiosity, would they be subject to these laws/protocols/regulations if they are (developers or organization) based in the US, but offer releases hosted elsewhere in the world AND/OR develop the product with code hosted elsewhere in the world?

[–] BCsven@lemmy.ca 8 points 7 months ago

It's one of those bureacratic things. You could download OpenSUSE in a restricted country and install it, but if you were in the USA and transfered the data to a restricted country you would be in violation of ETAR restrictions, even without the EULA

[–] ardorhb@discuss.tchncs.de 29 points 7 months ago (1 children)

I guess it’s because US laws likes to pretend to be in force world wide … which they are not.

[–] Jimmyeatsausage@lemmy.world 3 points 7 months ago (1 children)

They ARE in force for exports...including software.

[–] ricdeh@lemmy.world 4 points 7 months ago (1 children)

No, they are not. Sovereign countries are bound by the WTO (World Trade Organisation), not US export laws.

[–] Jimmyeatsausage@lemmy.world 6 points 7 months ago

"Among other restrictions, US federal law controls the export of strong cryptographic materials, which are classified as a munition. Under these restrictions, the Fedora Project cannot export or provide Fedora software to any forbidden entity, including through the FreeMedia program"

You should let Fedora know that.

[–] ILikeBoobies@lemmy.ca 22 points 7 months ago

To avoid being sanctioned themselves

It’s helpful to follow if you want to deal with the US government

[–] catloaf@lemm.ee 19 points 7 months ago (4 children)

Because their lawyers said so. Canonical is based in England so their lawyers didn't say so. I don't know where the Debian project is based. OpenSUSE is based in Germany so I'm not sure why they feel the need, but I assume that's what the lawyers said they need to do.

[–] wildbus8979@sh.itjust.works 13 points 7 months ago (4 children)

Debian doesn't have a legal entity, it's based out of nowhere. Always has been.

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[–] IsoKiero@sopuli.xyz 6 points 7 months ago

I don’t know where the Debian project is based.

Trademark and at least some copyright for the project is owned by an entity in the New York and Ian Murdoch who started the project was US citizen. But calling the whole project as USA based is wrong, it is based 'on the internet' as even the core team is spread across the globe.

[–] Drito@sh.itjust.works 3 points 7 months ago* (last edited 7 months ago)

Maybe because Suse company wants to make business in USA.

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[–] Bitrot@lemmy.sdf.org 17 points 7 months ago
[–] chalk46@kbin.social 13 points 7 months ago (1 children)

oh yeah, I'm sure that'll work 👍
about as effective as a mystical incantation

[–] ricdeh@lemmy.world 3 points 7 months ago

I kind of feel coerced by that text into sending a copy of OpenSUSE Leap to some obscure nuclear missile programme now, just for the sake of it

[–] GolfNovemberUniform@lemmy.ml 11 points 7 months ago (7 children)

Why don't you use a distro that doesn't have such terms?

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[–] possiblylinux127@lemmy.zip 9 points 7 months ago (6 children)

Code should be protected under the first amendment

[–] halm@leminal.space 20 points 7 months ago (1 children)

Sure, but again. That is only legally binding in US jurisdiction?

[–] hangukdise@lemmy.ml 5 points 7 months ago

Only binding in the USA. Thoroughly ignored outside of it.

[–] Telodzrum@lemmy.world 10 points 7 months ago (2 children)
[–] lemmyreader@lemmy.ml 4 points 7 months ago

Thanks for mentioning this.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernstein_v._United_States

The government modified the regulations again, substantially loosening them, and Bernstein, now a professor at the University of Illinois at Chicago, challenged them again. This time, he chose to represent himself, although he had no formal legal training. On October 15, 2003, almost nine years after Bernstein first brought the case, the judge dismissed it and asked Bernstein to come back when the government made a "concrete threat".

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[–] 0x0@programming.dev 8 points 7 months ago (1 children)

I thought OpenSUSE is German, so why would you export it?

The only rationale is that it ships with cryptography that's made in 'murica and probably stored in US servers, hence the export warning.

[–] lemmyreader@lemmy.ml 16 points 7 months ago (1 children)

openSUSE has German origins, but was bought in the past by Novell in USA, then went into other USA hands, and then it was sold to a Swedish company's German sub division, and located in Luxembourg. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SUSE_S.A.

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[–] warmaster@lemmy.world 4 points 7 months ago* (last edited 7 months ago) (2 children)

Wait a minute, so using Fedora in Cuba (for example) is illegal?

[–] Leeker@lemmy.world 10 points 7 months ago

If it is for the Government of Cuba then yes. However, individuals can utilize the software.

This is the Bureau of Industry and Security website

This is the law itself

[–] mvirts@lemmy.world 3 points 7 months ago

Just the transmitting the export restricted (mostly cryptography algorithms) parts from the us directly or indirectly

[–] TheAnonymouseJoker@lemmy.ml 3 points 7 months ago

That is the reason I will never be found using Fedora.

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