try installing btop and having a look at the gpu utilisation when you're running stuff
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Like others suggested here, the problem is probably nouveau and you might want to try a gaming-oriented distro which usually configure these things correctly out-of-the-box. My favourite is Nobara and Fedora (which didn't work for you but works for me because I have different hardware). People suggest Bazzite, but I cannot recommend it because it's based on Fedora Atomic, and I don't get along with Fedora Atomic.
As a general admittedly non-helpful suggestion, don't get Nvidia hardware if you want to use Linux.
I have a desktop which has / had a similar problem.
Originally I built it with a g-series Ryzen which has integrated Radeon Vega graphics. Upgraded to a 3060 and wanted to run Linux for gaming instead of windows.
I couldn’t get a distro to reliably use my graphics card without the issues you describe. Stuttering, crashing, generally unusable.
Garuda was the answer (to be fair I’d try Bazzite too but I just didn’t get there as Garuda worked). In fact, it worked out of the box for me and I enjoyed it so much I made it my work OS.
I like the GUI utilities they’ve made for front-ending a bunch of Arch CLI utilities and I’ve been saved by BTRFS snapshots more than once.
Give Linux Mint a spin, I seriously doubt there's a friendlier distribution for newcomers from Windows.