A big historic example of this was back in the middle ages, when people didn't have any idea about how to determine true from false when there were two conflicting views, they'd do a trial by combat because if you were right, how could you lose a fight specifically meant to determine if you were right?

Though exceptionalism does come into play because those who believe it about others seem to think something different is going on when they are the ones suffering. Like maybe it's a test rather than a punishment, or there's some complex plan that involves a period of suffering or something like that rather than just accepting that sometimes life isn't fair.

Society should be all about trying to offset that unfairness, especially in areas like food, housing, healthcare, and (some) things typically covered by insurance.