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The one thing DD won't overwrite is bad sectors. If the disk has any reallocated sectors, the data in the original sectors may still be there.
If there are reallocated sectors, then the disk is reaching the end of it's life and is not worth reusing anyways.
And if you're concenred on data written on sectors since reallocated you should physically destroy the whole drive anyways. With SSDs this is even more complicated, but I like to keep it pretty simple. If the data which has been stored on the drive at any point of it's life is under any kind of NDA or other higly valuable contract it's getting physically destroyed. If the drive spent it's life storing my family photos a single run of zeroes with dd is enough.
At the end the question is that if at any point the drive held bits of anything even remotely near a cost of a new drive. If it did it's hammer time, if it didn't, most likely just wiping the partition table is enough. I've given away old drives with just 'dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdx bs=100M count=1'. On any system that appears as a blank drive and while it's possible to recover the files from the drive it's good enough for the donated drives. Everything else is either drilled trough multiple times or otherwise physically destroyed.
Some SSD drives can do a secure erase via block encryption where the key is stored on the drive itself. There is a command that simply generates a new key - Voilà your drive now contains random bits. I don't know if newer spinning rust drives have this feature too.