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My words.
When you read "Cloud" change the word in your head to "Someone else's computer"
So when I was using Tuya lightbulbs I was connecting Tuya's Computer to Googles Computer to turn my lights on.
Now I use Home Assistant, I'm connecting MY computer to Googles Computer to turn the lights on, since I'm asking Google to turn MY lights on.
I can just not use the Google Cloud and have a voice assistant in Home Assistant do it, then I'm just using my own computer.
Now then, you don't think that all the photos you've ever taken reside in an app on your phone do you, because if you do I've got some news for you....
Except Google likes to collect that data
I don't really understand why a computer is necessary at all, is the thing. I know that it's possible to use wifi network to send a signal between two devices. I have a sound board that works this way, and manages to communicate precise multichannel instructions directly over the network without an internet connection.
If I want to turn on a light switch, it seems like all I should need to send is the location of the light switch on the network and the on/off command. I know that there is not the computing power in the light switch itself to process much more than that.
Do these devices all connect to a remote server to switch on and off??
Yes. That's why it's called the Internet of things. Every "smart", wifi connected, device you have uses that connection to communicate with a remote server. The app on your phone does the same to control the light.
Check out Zigbee for an example local control.
Many "smart" devices are sold with the idea that you can control your home from somewhere else. Maybe change the temperature on your way home or get notified when someone rings your doorbell. All this stuff requires servers to work.
Controlling some lightbulbs via bluetooth/wifi would be possible of course, but probably not very interesting for many.
Pretty much, yes.
I think you're underestimating the computing power of these devices. If it has WiFi, it has an operating system.
You're looking for something like ESPhome maybe. It's a project from the same people that do home assistant. There's a web server (and/or local API) available that allows you to toggle outputs locally, your browser directly to the microcontroller.
From the wifi wikipedia page> Hardware>Embedded Systems
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi
https://github.com/jkbenaim/hs100 if you have tplink kasa hardware this cli tool lets you send direct commands via Wifi, no hub required. it is not that the tech actually needs a server, it is that the server handles IP address changes, records data, checks switch on/off status, scheduling, etc, to provide a better experience than hitting an on off command.
The computing as to when they need switching on and off is done by the computer.
I used to use Tasker and Smart Life connected through Google to control my lights. It worked but it was fucking shit. I wrote all the logic for it based off my phone, so it kinda worked for me, and everyone else in the house hated it.
Now it's all controlled by a computer based in the home, based on sensors that are in the home from all kinds of manufacturers using different protocols (because that's what Home Assistant does, conglomerate protocols) it works much better for everyone involved.
You can try to make iot devices work without a computer or cloud if you like but it will just be absolutely garbage.
Good luck
It's crazy, given that all these devices have something powerful like an esp32, isn't it?
I've done some of my home stuff this way, but I had to program it myself. Tasmota has some features which can be used without a server, but that's just for simple stuff like switches. For whatever reason (simplicity for non tech people?), out of the box products don't work this way.
If you don't have days of spare time, you buy ready made products and set them up in minutes in Home Assistant