Sounds like your NVIDIA driver isn't loading for the newer kernels. Either not compiled for them, or not installed, if Debian ships it in binary form. The easiest solution would be to not install newer kernels. It seems you're already ahead of the default Debian 12 kernel - 6.1.
Linux
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).
Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.
Rules
- Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.
- No misinformation
- No NSFW content
- No hate speech, bigotry, etc
Related Communities
Community icon by Alpár-Etele Méder, licensed under CC BY 3.0
DKMS isn't installed or is broken. The whole point of it is to update things when a new kernel gets installed.
Yeah, unfortunately that's not always possible as modules don't always build against newer kernels. Also I don't know if Debian uses dkms for this. On Ubuntu for example, NVIDIA modules are shipped in a pre-compiled form for the supported kernels instead of using dkms.
Would it maybe make sense to install this older 6.1 kernel? It would potentionally have greater compatebility with the driver... Also, this probably does not have anything to do with the kernel thing, but I just reid to apt upgrade, and found this message repeated a bunch of times at the end of it:
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-6.6.13-amd64
cp: warning: behavior of -n is non-portable and may change in future; use --update=none instead
This seems like an error which should not be shown to the user and instead the developer of apt, which apparently uses cp.
Yeah, it's not an error.
Yes I would stick with the default kernel unless I have a good reason to change it. E.g. there's functionality I really need.
You want to run a stable debian kernel, not "bleeding edge" stuff from the backports repo. It's likely that your NVIDIA drivers are not compatible with the more modern kernel, either for real reasons (they're old) or because that's how they were packaged.