The rclone fuse mount is essentially running in the memory of the container, and doesn't translate back into the filesystem that the host presents from itself into that container.
Since rclone is available in the debian repos, the simplest and easiest option would be to do the rclone mount on the host and then pass that via bind mounting into the Plex container.
If you want to keep the rclone mounting containerized though (or if your Proxmox host is clustered, you want to mount it on the host, and you want the mount to be shared between your nodes), you can use rclone's experimental but built-in nfs server feature: https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_serve_nfs/
Make sure your 2 containers can talk to each other over a secure network ("this server does not implement any authentication so any client will be able to access the data"), start the nfs server in the rclone container, and mount it via nfs in the Plex container.
Good luck!