it gets very technical very quickly on Linux, but have a read here: https://linrunner.de/tlp/introduction.html
Linux
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Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).
Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.
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You can use cpupower to enter different states of power limits. The link is to the arch wiki but I'd bet it's in your package manager for you to install.
https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/CPU_frequency_scaling
Not sure about the second question.