See the US section, the use of the term "public space" in this conversation is acceptable as the term "public" is used in opposition to privately owned and not public in the sense that it's open to the public like a mall is.
.https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_space
The government cannot usually limit one's speech beyond what is reasonable in a public space, which is considered to be a public forum (that is, screaming epithets at passers-by can be stopped; proselytizing one's religion probably cannot).
I think you're misunderstanding the use of the term "public" here.
A mall is a public space in the sense that people can go, but it's not a public space in the sense that it's not operated by the government, it's a private space.
I'm using the term public space in the governmental sense, not in the publically accessible sense. If you use that definition of public I'm pretty sure even in your country you can get censored and kicked out of a mall and moved off its surrounding property (the parking around it), because it's privately owned. Once on the sidewalk you're on public property though so you can do whatever you want as long as it respects the law.
Also, talking about Europe as a whole is wrong since different countries can still have different rules on the subject.