I don't pretend to be an expert in this, and I also have no idea what the state machine looks like for unauthenticated WiFi, but my thinking on the call stack is either you were authenticated and the association with the AP dropped while sending a frame and puked, or it kicked it while attempting to authenticate to an AP, and I have no idea why a mutex would be taken, or to what, but it timed out apparently.
So why would this happen after a rebuild?
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freak accident/timing thing.
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I see multiple mt## modules loaded, and I'm suspecting while not looking it up that they are operating a MediaTek chip in that dongle, and are potentially conflicting.
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lots of wifi devices I've seen recently have loaded firmware separately from driver from /use/lib(or lib64)/firmware and the version changed from before, and maybe needs updating now or you did it before or whatever.
I agree with others - I'd give you a fiver if it happens again without the adapter connected.
I seem to recall a VMware complaint similar to this too, and there was a ring buffer tuning to do to fix it... But that error message doesn't seem quite right to match it.
TX queue timeouts can be caused by several things, but I wonder if you're not seeing an end result of a spammy Ethernet flow control implementation where the device can't transmit because the link is continuously paused.
If so, there may be rx_xoff counters viewable from within proxmox, or "ethtool -s enp1s0f0" would tell you where the device is seeing pause frames from the switch on a regular Linux host.
The link down tends to be a reaction by the driver to recover from a hung queue, so if it's not flow control, there could be a driver/firmware upgrade possible, or a series of tunables if there's a bug somewhere in packet handling land resulting in the NIC itself hanging.