ricecake

Yup, that's the precedent bit I mentioned. They're both valid ways of deciding ambiguity (a judge decides in this situation and other judges aren't obligated to decide the same way, or lawyers debate the ambiguity, a jury decides, and courts strive for consistency), but they're fundamentally different and slightly bewildering to people from the other model.

Purely an answer to the question "I mean, how different could they really be?”: fundamentally different in an almost unrecognizable way.

I don't know how the German appeals system works, but there is a lot of room for difference.

A particular reading spree once caused me to learn that the UK, a modern civilized country, didn't have what we would call a supreme court until 2009.
Their laws aren't codified. We have a big book o' laws, and we pass bills that modify the book. If it's not in the book it's not a law. They pass bills that are the laws. This sounds really similar until you consider that "the law" is a collection of every act of parliament going back nearly a thousand years, many of which cancel out others. Oh, and that extends to the concept of a "constitution".

Some quick searching shows that Germany uses a fundamentally different legal model that views our big book o' laws as unstructured because courts have a binding say in interpretation of the law. It seems that this regional court can be appealed, and also that their courts don't use precedent like ours do, so an appeal is more like a second opinion than an escalation.
Judges are less referee and more investigator, so you can claim that the judge made a mistake with their decision, which is appeal.

Yes, I will just take your word for it over the word of the original people involved.

You keep talking about DARPA, when they're not the same organization that backed ARPANET. Arpanet came before laws were passed saying DARPA could only fund projects directly related to defense.

DARPA was originally ARPA. They were under the department of defense but their project scope wasn't limited to defense projects. The reorganization that rebranded the agency as DARPA and made it defense focused ostensibly saw the non-defense oriented moonshot project responsibility transfer to the NSF, although the funding shift wasn't proportional.
The order of creation isn't exactly relevant to how responsibilities have shifted.

It's kinda like how, for the longest time, presidential security was handled by the Treasury department. It wasn't because presidential security was considered a financial matter, but because that's where it fit.

https://www.darpa.mil/news/features/arpanet

Secure communications and information-sharing between geographically dispersed research facilities were among the ARPANET’s original goals.

From your link to the arpanet wiki:

Building on the ideas of J. C. R. Licklider, Bob Taylor initiated the ARPANET project in 1966 to enable resource sharing between remote computers.

Sutherland and Taylor continued their interest in creating the network, in part, to allow ARPA-sponsored researchers at various corporate and academic locales to utilize computers provided by ARPA, and, in part, to quickly distribute new software and other computer science results.

There's a big difference between ARPA funded labs and general university usage.

I'm not sure why it would matter that you worked for them in the early 90s. That doesn't exactly give you a privileged insight into the creation of ARPANET.

The Internet that you're posting on was built on top of a military network intended to provide redundant communication in the event of a global thermonuclear war.

Responding to this part alone: that's not actually true.
The intent of arpanet, the direct predecessor to the Internet, was to make it easier for universities to use high powered computer resources located at national laboratories, as well as making it easier to distribute software updates. The person who initially pushed for it's creation wanted "an electronic commons open to all, 'the main and essential medium of informational interaction for governments, institutions, corporations, and individuals '". They secured funding for the initial computer science labratories, os research that underpin everything, and the foundation for the "INTERgalactic NETwork".

Arpa was, at the time, the advanced research project agency. They were under the DoD, but they filled a role closer to the NSF today.

In designing the system they referenced work done by people who were studying robust communication networks. At the time that meant the phone system and nuclear weapons. The research, however, was applicable to any unstable network, and so had particular interest to them because computers had terrible reliability and they wanted to not have to call people if they discovered they had turned off a computer halfway between New York and LA.

The closest thing it has to a cold war military objective is to help us win the research race and spite the Soviets. It can withstand a nuclear attack, but that's just because that's the easiest way to make it survive a farmer with a backhoe accidentally hitting a wire.

The thing is they're currently trying to sell as a business oriented tool. They're not going to make money off of individuals.
Google is positioned to come closest because they're already an advertising company.

If you think their focus isn't businesses then you're not paying attention to their strategy. The pressure to drive profitability is increasing as their business customers are reporting that investment in AI capabilities isn't converting into measurable financial returns. That's the type of news that makes investors wary.

If you operate at a loss, you need to be providing a value to your customers that you can leverage. You need more than high interest, you also need demonstrable utility.

There have also been plenty of times that a new technology just ... Didn't pan out. This specifically happens with AI technology, and we even have a term for it: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AI_winter The tech won't go away, it'll just be market infeasible for a while until it's no longer called AI and is just a feature in some other product.

Take your comment and apply it to someone marketing "spell check as a service".

This is capitalism working exactly as intended. People with capital are using it to guide businesses to make them more money.

The mistake is thinking that capitalism is motivated by a healthy economy, when the theory is that if everyone is aggressively selfish then the economy will naturally become healthy and efficient.

The people making money are counting on making their money as investors keep pumping more in. The investors are all aiming to be the last one to sell before the crash. Russian roulette venture capitalism. (In some cases they think the economy will tolerate 1-2 companies and they're aiming to buy a controlling interest in a company worth 2% current value after the correction, and in others they just have so much money that a few billion is a minor bet - BlackRock comes to mind, with more than $10 trillion to invest)

If you look at 2008, we had a similar-ish situation with a major portion of the economy being invested in mortgage based investments.

Oh, I never thought you were saying I did or didn't have to like someone or something. And I would never advocate for hurting or mistreating any animal no matter how much of a bastard it is.

I think the disconnect might be exactly how "severe" the label is. There are humans who became cops because they legitimately thought they could do good, who never did anything unjust and never were in a position of ignoring wrong doing or anything like that.
The closest thing to a moral failing being a lack of awareness of systemic justice and so on and so forth.
They're still a bastard because they're contributing to the entire thing, regardless of their lack of involvement in the specific negatives.

I don't think the dog needs punishment, just that it shouldn't be a police dog.

I'd easily agree that a dog doesn't have the same moral autonomy that a human does. I just don't think you need that to be called a bastard. Geese are often bastards. You don't hold it against the goose, but you don't forget that if given the choice that goose will nip you.

Utterly aside from the specifics: there's some research that indicates that canines do actually have capacity for a sense of morality and justice but it's limited to equal treatment so far as we can see. Not the more abstract "right or wrong action".

They can be victims and be bastards.
A police dog, put in a position to hurt you, will.
A police horse out in a position to hurt you will try not to.

Drug dogs were probably the worst example I could have chosen. A better example would have been a dog used to attack people. They may have been trained and treated with various degrees of mistreatment to do so quite so enthusiastically, but they know they're hurting you.
The police horse uses what agency it has to try not to hurt you.

If someone forces you to drive a car through a crowd, you're still morally culpable if you try to hit people. If you do your best to avoid hurting anyone within the confines of what you were forced to do you're pretty much in the clear.

Considering the stakes of bastarddom are pretty low, I'm willing to judge an animal based on what it would do with its limited autonomy.

Police dogs are trained to rat you out, either legitimately or illegitimately.
Them being victims who weren't given a choice doesn't make them not active participants, just sympathetic ones.
Like modern pirates. They're doing it because they need to feed their families and often have no real choice, but that doesn't make it okay to hurt random fisherman and freighter crews.

Police horses will do their best to not step on you when forced to ride into a crowd. Not bastard.

Knowing how.

All routers are just Linux computers managing slightly better than average network cards. (Home routers, obviously. Beefy carrier hardware is different).

A basic setup is essentially installing Linux and then running a handful of commands for packet forwarding. The figuring out how to do it without wifi crashing will take longer because that software is wonky.

Plenty of controllers do. They can be used for multiplayer in place of a headset. Some games will also use them for non-world audio, like an audio log or a mission update. You can also use them in conjunction with haptics for communicating menu interaction. A different timbre of click for allowed vs disallowed, for example.