Son of a gun!!! Thank you so much! I spent HOURS changing every setting except this one and actually came to the conclusion that it must be something to do with my ISP's modem or DNS or something.
The rule is the "associated filter rule" OPNsense automatically creates (interfaces are WAN and LAN) and it triggers as a "pass" just fine when I send a request. (I'm attaching another screenshot from the live log below.)
You don't happen to have a clue WHY this rule breaks everything?
Associated filter rule
Live log with associated filter rule active (leads to
curl: (56) Recv failure: Connection reset by peer
)
OSMC on a rpi3 with a hifiberry+ has served me well for many years. Most things just work, even passthrough TV remote over i2c if the TV supports it (brand name for the implementation varies by TV manufacturer I think). My setup has been really slow in recent months, but I probably just need a new sd card... Streaming service integration in kodi isn't perfect but e.g. Netflix works well enough.
It's a bit of tinkering to get it just the way you want it, but not too much and then it's great with a lot of flexibility. I have slapped an IR LED onto a GPIO, for example, and I have a service running that checks for audio output and turns my old hifi system on and off accordingly.