Memes

First, let's be precise about terms: capitalism is defined by private ownership of the means of production, profit-driven accumulation, and wage labor; socialism is defined by social ownership (state, collective, or cooperative), planning mechanisms, and the subordination of remaining market forces to developmental and social goals. They are distinct modes of production, not a binary where anything short of stateless communism "counts" as capitalism.

Second, "Western capitalism" isn't a universal default, it specifically describes the Euro-Amerikan core and its integrated vassals (NATO, Five Eyes, dependent economies). That system is hegemonic, but it is not total. Russia, for instance, operates a distinct sovereign-capitalist model: not socialist, but explicitly de-linked from Western financial architecture and actively contesting unipolar dominance.

Third, China, Cuba, Laos, and Vietnam are explicitly in the early stages of the socialist transitionary period. Their frameworks (especially China's "primary stage of socialism") theorize that underdeveloped socialist states must develop productive forces, utilize regulated markets, and engage globally while maintaining proletarian state power and public ownership of commanding heights. This isn't "capitalism with red flags"; it's a materialist strategy to build the basis for higher-stage socialism. Dismissing these distinctions because communism hasn't been "achieved" yet misunderstands dialectics: transition is a process, not an event. You don't call a bridge under construction meaningless because it has yet to reach the other side.