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With a vps expect to lose all virtualization
Is Docker considered virtualisation?
Docker requires hardware virtualization so kinda but not really. Apparently it runs inside of a VM so that's a no go.
Honestly I think you're asking way too much for a VPS, or even a full blown server. If you want to run CAD software you'll also want a remotely capable GPU and you won't get that in a server unless you've explicitly put something in it. The built in GPUs in servers are like radeon 3450s that are 15 years old and are basically just video adapters and not actual "graphics processing units". If you have your own server I'd throw a GPU in there and try running your software there. But honestly any remotely modern laptop will probably run faster than a cheap rented server.
I run docker exclusively in VMs and VPS and it works fine.
No docker is not virtualisation, the poster below is talking about docker for desktop which is a nice gui wrapper around it in a VM, but by definition docke itself does not use any form of virtualisation. If you had a modern Linux server you can install any of the container runtimes, e.g. docker, podman to run containers or something like K3S which is effectively a lightweight kubernetes if you wanted to run a lot of different containers and have a central way of managing them
It's already all virtualized, so from customer perspective, advantages of virtualization aren't there (single box, maximizing use of local resources, etc).
Wouldn't you be able to do containers in a Linux VPS though? To the host, it's just a virtualized Linux, from Linux' perspective, those containers are local resources.
Looks like you'd still need virtualization.
Docker desktop is not what most people on Linux are using. They're using docker engine directly, which doesn't run in a vm, and doesn't require virtualization if you use the same kernel inside the containers.