Risking sounding like a broken record, I always suggest Tiny/Mini/Micro 1L form factor office PCs. Lenovo, Dell, and HP all create ultra small office PCs that make great low power servers. A Pi will use 5-9w at idle, while these PCs will use 11-13w idle. They also use more standard components such as NVME drives, 2.5" drives, and replaceable RAM. Easy to find under $100 USD used, I'm sure you can find them under 100 euro.
this post was submitted on 21 Dec 2023
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Bonus: there is a literally endless supply of used x86 SFF hardware from large institutions, so unlike SBC's, there's no special, weird supply chain managed by an English educational nonprofit that could just suddenly decide to not sell to the public for years at a time.
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Good point.
The Pi Zero is 2w max... It's downside is it draws 2w MAX. Power is power, only so much you can do in 2w. As you pointed out, the 4 and 5 can do more, because they can draw more, (or they draw more so can do more, it's all related).
The key seems to be ability to minimize the idle power while still capable of ramping up to something useful when you need it - like the micros you've listed.
We buy the HP Pro/Elitedesk 1L pcs as backup servers and attach storage.
Works pretty good and they are pretty cheap with the power they can provide.
Try a used laptop. Cheap, power efficient, built in UPS, small. Can be quite powerful and some are even upgradable
Dammit, I have a few of those, you're killing my excuse to buy a new toy!
Let me help you with that: what if you need more power? or what if you need something smaller due to size constraints or maybe what if the old battery can't handle 24/7?. Pick one!
absolutely this.
Even has a KVM for emergency access ;)
As a point of reference regarding power consumption:
I've been running a desktop non-stop for the last ten years (built as a gaming rig) as a file/media server, so it's probably the worst thing you can run this way, power-wise. Has an 800 watt power supply, running windows.
I've done the math many times, costs me about $1/day in power at mostly idle.
Just presenting a worst-case example as a guideline.
I've recently spun up a Raspberry Pi Zero W for PiHole, DHCP, DNS, Tailscale, Joplin and Bitwarden. It's maximum power draw is TWO WATTS. Haha
Currently running a watt meter on the desktop, should have some decent actual numbers from it soon, but can't imagine idle is any less than 50 watts.
So there's two extremes. Don't be me (looks like you aren't!)
Edit: I wouldn't recommend the Zero W for this, it's underpowered. I'm already overloading it with just PiHole and Tailscale, honestly.
Throwing in my own data, I have a small server rack at home that runs a brocade icx4630 switch and dell r720, idles around 250w. My desktop setup, monitors, amp, computer itself etc idles around 200w.
Oof. Maybe my power is worse than I thought!
Adding my data as well:
My server is diy desktop pc - mbo MSI Z270-A PRO with celeron G3930 and 16GB RAM, 3x SSD on 550W PSU, idles at 23W. After adding another 3.5" HDD consuption went up to 34W. 34W in Ctoatia is around 34€ a year.
Some SFF PCs are at 10-15W. SBCs like rpi should be below 10 W, but dont think you can get anything new for 80€
Yeah same. I have several machines that whirrr all the time. The power cost and usage is fairly negligible. The real costs in the house are appliances. OP will save more energy by getting a more power efficient fridge or dishwasher than worry about a computer being on in the closet
Pi Zero could be underpowered but the bigger pi's sound like a perfect match. I would recommend looking into a used pi 3 or 4, because the pi 5 is new and always out of stock (at least in europe) so you pay around 150$.
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Look into a NUC on ebay. I was able to snag a new 11th Gen i3 for 200 eur. Power draw is about 7w with a headless Debian. Running a media server, nextcloud, pihole, an arr stack and I'm planning to add home assistant and a zigbee bridge which I now run on a pi.
If you aren't planning to run to much on it a rpi4or5 will actually be enough and these things can draw 15 on absolute max load.
Wow, 7w. And has real horsepower unlike RPi.
Im really impressed with the thing. Cpu idles at 30C as well. Very similar to rpi4 with 5 times the performance.
I have an Intel NUC I got on eBay for £50. It’s running 30 containers, 10W draw
Lenovo m900 tiny. Low cost and power.
They're also surprisingly easy to upgrade for their size. Swapped RAM, CPU, and hard drive in about 15 minutes total on one of mine.
Think centre tiny gang rise up :-) !
I second Lenovo tiny. I have 3 x m920q with a gigabit switch and total combined power draw is about 53w
A raspberry pi or orange pi could definitely run all of those things at very low power consumption.
@pathief I think what you are looking for is intel n100 since it only uses like 6-watt TDP, but before jumping to that, you should look at Heaven video. If you only want to run for a year or two, maybe the older CPU is much better.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PisIPpbMkTc
I hope you found what you are looking for.
Here is an alternative Piped link(s):
https://www.piped.video/watch?v=PisIPpbMkTc
Piped is a privacy-respecting open-source alternative frontend to YouTube.
I'm open-source; check me out at GitHub.
This. I did extensive research and will get myself a n100 or n200 for my on-prem server. Itcaps out at 16 GB ram, but I'll survive. N305 has 3x the power consumption as n200 at around 15W. Asrock even has a mITX mobo for the n100. And its fanless!
RPI5 would be the other obvious choice, but it's impossible to get a hold of.
Edit: Also, check out this thread: https://discuss.tchncs.de/comment/2340730
Any Intel NUC(the small 4x4 ones) 8th gen or forward will fit the bill.
Hey fellow european!
Tinytronics.nl -> Pi4 model B 8GB: 87€ and in stock. The 4GB model is 68€. They also have orange Pi for a higher budget.
Kiwi-electronics.com -> Pi 4 model B, 4GB? 63€. They also have all the pi accessories you could want.
If you are going to use paperless for important documents, and if you want to not lose data for sure, get a 1TB cheap HDD or something and a USB3.0 adapter. SD cards will eventually fail.
Otherwise, get an old used laptop 2nd hand. I used an old HP probook G1 laptop for about a year for my server. It didn't use much power at all.
A cheap android box + armbianOs is also an option if you're looking for low power. I have a 7watt one that's running 24/7 for the last few years.
Have a look at the ServeTheHome site and channel on youtube ... he's done a load of good reviews of AliExpress devices and some tiny/mini/micro devices (think thinclients)
He covers power consumption and some interesting points (like which recent multi-Gb NICs are supported by pfSense / Proxmox / etc)
Just watching those should at least help you decide what you need.
I was going to build my own virt server and I ended up with a low power, silent, passively cooled box to run all my VMs in... for much cheap.
HP EliteDesk 800 G3 Mini (or equivalent)? You can get them for pretty cheap on eBay.
At around 80 euros then for lowest power you should go Raspberry Pi, for most performance while still being low power an old business laptop is fine, and since you don't need the screen you can buy one with a broken screen.
A used Android pixel phone. You can root it and install Pideploy and run PiHole through it.
I have an old Pixel 3a doing exactly this. The other services I don’t quite know if they have an Android implementation.
Doesn’t suit your every use case, but I figured I’d share.
termux-root has a docker package. That still doesn't cover everything but a lot of popular services have docker images
Ooo learn something new every day. I’m going to have to try this out later. Thanks!
My whole "homelab" is made of either things I literally found in the trash, hand-me downs and 2nd part stuff I got for extremely cheap. It's no speed deamon, but it's got 8cores, 16GB ram and gigabit... What I'm trying to say is, that is most likely also an option for you and there is no reason to buy the latest and greatest of hardware for running simple things like pi-hole. As for the electricity bill, unless you're running something computationally intensive 24/7 or just a ton of hard drives, I wouldn't worry about it.
https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1LHvT2fRp7I6Hf18LcSzsNnjp10VI-odvwZpQZKv_NCI/
It's in German but you get the idea
This serves a couple services, incl. kitchenowl and paperless-ngx very fine for me.
Once, I got it for around 45€.
I just got a mini AMD box from CWWK off Amazon and I'm quite impressed. I even got a free CPU upgrade (ordered a 5600u but received 5825u)
I just bought a cheap Intel i3 10100T that have a TDP of 35W.
There is a bios option to reduce that to 25W.
Thoses are not sold to end users and must be purchased through craiglist or equivalent.
TDP is like the maximum so not very reliable when figuring out general power consumption. Stuff hooked up to the internet and not used very often, but always on, needs a low base consumption.
TDP is not related to power consumption, it's related to dissipation.
The thermal dissipation is directly linked to the amount of power consumed.
It's not and it's insane. TDP is a fucky "metric".
+1 for CasaOS! The simplest and best I've tried.
Lots of good suggestions here already but nobodys mentioned the Asrock A300 DeskMini. Low power consumption and you could probably find one for pretty cheap.
Obviously an old laptop you don't use anymore is a great and affordable choice too. Comes with a built-in battery backup!
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